A new study on effects of frequent marijuana use challenges a number of cannabis stereotypes, with researchers finding no association with paranoia or decreased motivation among habitual users. They also found no evidence that marijuana consumption causes a hangover the next day.<\/p>\n
Among the results that authors deemed \u201csurprising,\u201d data showed that \u201cwhen chronic users got high, they were no more amotivated, no less motivated for extrinsic or intrinsic reasons, and no less willing to objectively push themselves.\u201d<\/p>\n
Results were more mixed among especially frequent users, however, who reported more negative emotions and greater impulsiveness, but also more motivation.<\/p>\n
Authors of the study, published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, said the results overall contained \u201cboth expected and surprising findings\u201d that challenge sometimes superficial beliefs about marijuana\u2019s effects.<\/p>\n
\u201cMuch of this myopia comes from its historical criminalization, preventing a neutral and clear-eyed evaluation of cannabis\u2019s harms and benefits alike,\u201d they wrote. \u201cThis led to a distorted view of cannabis and cannabis users, to the point where contemporary ethicists seriously claim that recreational cannabis use is unethical, morally illicit, and never warranted. Such moralization helps clarify why cannabis users are stereotyped as lazy, uneducated, and possibly criminal.\u201d<\/p>\n
Despite widespread use of marijuana\u2014the most commonly consumed drug worldwide after caffeine, alcohol and tobacco\u2014along with its growing legal and social acceptance, \u201csurprisingly little is known about its effects among habitual users in everyday life,\u201d wrote the three-author team, from the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall Law School in Ontario, Canada.<\/p>\n
\u201cHere, we focus on what is missing,\u201d they continued, \u201cdescribing the everyday experience of getting high among habitual users, examining reasons they get high, its possible salutary emotional effects, and its surprising lack of costs to motivation and industriousness.\u201d<\/p>\n
Participants in the study\u2014adults 21 and older from the U.S. or Canada who used marijuana at least three times a week for nonmedical purposes\u2014were recruited from Reddit and given a 30-minute baseline survey as well as \u201cbrief surveys 5 times a day, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 11 p.m., for 1 week.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\u201cContrary to stereotypes, we observed minimal effects on motivation.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
One finding was clear, as the first sentence of the report states frankly: \u201cPeople like to get high.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cNot surprisingly, compared with not feeling high, feeling high for chronic users was associated with a host of increased positive emotions such as awe, inspiration, and gratitude, as well as reduced stress and fear at the within-person level,\u201d said the three-author research team. \u201cThese emotional results shed some light on the main reason chronic users report using cannabis\u2014because they\u00a0like the feeling.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cInterestingly, getting high was not associated with increased suspicion\/paranoia among chronic users, contrary to popular depictions and even medical symptom lists,\u201d they wrote, pointing American Psychiatric Association publication from 2013.<\/p>\n
While getting high generally was associated with more positive emotions and fewer negative ones among chronic users, it was also linked to lower scores on \u201cmomentary conscientiousness\u201d\u2014for example around self control and neatness.<\/p>\n
Although \u201cgetting high did not impact chronic users\u2019 momentary reports of willpower, responsibility, and industriousness, it did hurt numerous other aspects of momentary conscientiousness,\u201d the study says. \u201cWhen users get high, they report being more impulsive (lower self-control), less organized and neat (orderliness), more willing to lie to get their way (lower virtue), and less willing to follow societal rules (traditionalism).\u201d<\/p>\n
The size of those effects, however, were small. And results showed few lasting emotional effects after respondents\u2019 high wore off.<\/p>\n
\u201cAt least among chronic users, the effects of cannabis intoxication in the real world are short lived,\u201d the study says, \u201cwith little indication of any sort of cannabis hangover a few hours later or the next day.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\u201cSurprisingly, there was no evidence of a weed hangover.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Among habitual users, the researchers also distinguished between frequent and less-frequent consumption, though they note that both groups got high regularly.<\/p>\n
\u201cOur between-person comparisons are comparing people who are high often (i.e., high on 32% of experience samples, high 4\u20136 times per week) to people who are high exceptionally often (i.e., high on 96% of experience samples, high multiple times a day).\u201d<\/p>\n
Nevertheless, among those who used marijuana most frequently, \u201cthe emotional picture looks much less positive.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cCompared with those who got high less frequently, people who get high very frequently report greater negative emotions across the board, for example feeling more disgust, scorn, fear, and embarrassment. All these were medium-to-large effect sizes.\u201d<\/p>\n
The study, of course, cannot determine whether heavy consumers exhibited those emotions because of cannabis use or whether they may have been using marijuana as a result of those feelings.<\/p>\n
Especially frequent users also reported less self-control and willpower than less-frequent, but still habitual, consumers. However, they were also more motivated.<\/p>\n
\u201cPeople who get high very frequently (e.g., daily) are not less motivated dispositionally than those who also get high frequently, but relatively less frequently (e.g., weekly),\u201d the study says. \u201cIf anything, they are more motivated (at least for external and introjected reasons).\u201d<\/p>\n
One limitation of the new research, authors noted, is how participants were selected. \u201cOur participants were recruited from online forums that cater to cannabis enthusiasts and growers, meaning our results might not generalize to novice or to less frequent users,\u201d the study says.<\/p>\n
\u201cNot only were our participants very heavy users, but they also needed to show diligence and care to complete an effortful study protocol over 7 days,\u201d it adds. \u201cIt is possible, therefore, that our sample was quite conscientious and not representative of the broader population of chronic cannabis users.\u201d<\/p>\n
Further, the study<\/a> did not \u201ccompare cannabis users to nonusers, or even frequent to infrequent users.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cWhile we think the research here is a real advance over past work given its use of experience sampling, micro-longitudinal design, and a large and diverse sample, it is not without its limitations,\u201d the report says, expressing hope for future research and \u201cshifts in research philosophy that has been too quick to pathologize use.\u201d<\/p>\n
The study follows separate research published last December that examined neurocognitive effects in medical marijuana patients<\/a>, finding that \u201cprescribed medical cannabis may have minimal acute impact on cognitive function among patients with chronic health conditions.\u201d<\/p>\n
Another report, published March in the journal Current Alzheimer Research, linked marijuana use to lower<\/em> odds of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), with consumers and patients reporting less confusion and memory loss compared to non-users<\/a>.<\/p>\n
While the long-term effects of cannabis use are far from settled science, findings from those and other recent studies suggest some fears have been overblown.<\/p>\n
A report published in April that drew on dispensary data, for instance, found that\u00a0cancer patients reported being able to think more clearly when using medical marijuana<\/a>. They also said it helped manage pain.<\/p>\n
A separate study of teens and young adults at risk of developing psychotic disorders found that regular\u00a0marijuana use over a two-year period did not trigger early onset of psychosis symptoms<\/a>\u2014contrary to the claims of prohibitionists who argue that cannabis causes mental illness. In fact, it was associated with modest improvements in cognitive functioning and reduced use of other medications.<\/p>\n
\u201cCHR youth who continuously used cannabis had higher neurocognition and social functioning over time, and decreased medication usage, relative to non-users,\u201d authors of that study wrote. \u201cSurprisingly, clinical symptoms improved over time despite the medication decreases.\u201d<\/p>\n
A separate study published by the American Medical Association (AMA) in January that looked at data from more than 63 million health insurance beneficiaries found that\u00a0there\u2019s \u201cno statistically significant increase\u201d in psychosis-related diagnoses<\/a>\u00a0in states that have legalized marijuana compared to those that continue to criminalize cannabis.<\/p>\n
Studies from 2018, meanwhile, found that\u00a0marijuana may actually increase working memory<\/a>\u00a0and that cannabis use\u00a0doesn\u2019t actually change the structure of the brain<\/a>.<\/p>\n
And, contrary to then-President Trump\u2019s claim that\u00a0marijuana makes people \u201close IQ points,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) says the results of two longitudinal studies \u201cdid not support a causal relationship between marijuana use and IQ loss.\u201d<\/p>\n
Research has shown that people who use cannabis can see declines in verbal ability and general knowledge but that \u201cthose who would use in the future already had lower scores on these measures than those who would not use in the future, and no predictable difference was found between twins when one used marijuana and one did not.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cThis suggests that observed IQ declines, at least across adolescence, may be caused by shared familial factors (e.g., genetics, family environment), not by marijuana use itself,\u201d NIDA concluded.<\/p>\n
\n\u2018No Evidence\u2019 That Marijuana Legalization For Adults Increases Youth Cannabis Use, New Research Published By American Medical Association Finds<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n
The post Frequent Marijuana Use Doesn\u2019t Make People Less Motivated Or Cause Paranoia, Study Finds<\/a> appeared first on Marijuana Moment<\/a>.<\/p>\n
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\nRead More: Frequent Marijuana Use Doesn\u2019t Make People Less Motivated Or Cause Paranoia, Study Finds<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A new study on effects of frequent marijuana use challenges a number of cannabis stereotypes, with researchers finding no association with paranoia or decreased motivation among habitual users. They also found no evidence that marijuana consumption causes a hangover the next day. Among the results that authors deemed \u201csurprising,\u201d dataContinue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"false","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18,15462],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74732"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74732"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74733,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74732\/revisions\/74733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}