The outcome of the June 19 presidential run-off race in Colombia was going to be unprecedented either way, as it pitted two political \u201coutsiders\u201d who ran anti-establishment campaigns against each other. But the victor, progressive senator (and ex-guerilla leader) Gustavo Petro, made it doubly unprecedented\u2014as he\u2019s now set to become the country\u2019s first president of the left.<\/p>\n
Petro won a narrow victory<\/a> over rival right-wing populist Rodolfo Hern\u00e1ndez, a pugnacious construction magnate in the mold of Donald Trump. The pair represented diametrically opposed brands of populism. Petro\u2019s campaign emphasized multiculturalism and ecology as well as more traditional leftist demands for social and economic justice. His running mate Francia M\u00e1rquez, an Afro-Colombian environmental campaigner, will become the country\u2019s first Black vice president after the Aug. 7 inauguration.<\/p>\n \u201cThis story that we\u2019re writing today is a new story for Colombia, for Latin America, for the world,\u201d Petro said in his victory speech<\/a> at a Bogot\u00e1 arena. \u201cWe\u2019re not going to betray this electorate.\u201d<\/p>\n But despite progress in recent years\u2014a peace process to wind down the internal war, emergence of a legal cannabis sector\u2014Colombia\u2019s drug-war dystopia remains deeply entrenched. Petro will face a challenge in lifting the pressure on small peasant cannabis producers, who have largely been left behind as big greenhouse operations dominate the legal industry.<\/p>\n The good news is that there is now a consensus on legalized commercial cannabis cultivation nearly across Colombia\u2019s political spectrum. Medical marijuana was legalized in December 2015 by decree of then-president Juan Manuel Santos\u2014who would the following year win the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating peace with the FARC guerillas. Along with the peace deal, 2016 also saw Colombia\u2019s Congress approve commercial cultivation.<\/p>\n Even Santos\u2019 hardline successor, outgoing incumbent Iv\u00e1n Duque, who rejected the peace deal and bottlenecked its implementation, has embraced a commercial cannabis sector. This Feb. 20, Duque signed Resolution 227<\/a>, expanding commercial licenses and approved uses of cannabis in foods and beverages. He also announced his support for legislation to allow exports.<\/p>\n And this program was enthusiastically embraced by both Petro and Hern\u00e1ndez.<\/p>\n Hern\u00e1ndez went so far as to say that cannabis could become the \u201cmotor\u201d of Colombia\u2019s economy, noting the \u201cgreat quantity of foreign investment\u201d the sector has received. His campaign cited a study<\/a> by Colombian think-tank Fedesarrollo finding that cannabis could generate exports of more than $1.7 billion by 2030.<\/p>\n However, on the ongoing armed conflict and narco-violence, Hern\u00e1ndez took an extreme hardline position, pledging<\/a> a \u201czero impunity\u201d approach to crime. He said he would declare a state of emergency upon taking office and order the security forces to retake areas \u201cwhere armed actors exercise political and territorial control.\u201d<\/p>\n Petro, in contrast, says he\u2019ll reform the security forces and purge their leadership at the highest levels. He calls the \u201cwar on drugs\u201d a failure, and pledges to re-focus enforcement efforts from peasant producers and low-level couriers to the financial and business sectors that facilitate trafficking and launder the proceeds.<\/p>\n And this points to likely differences in their approach to cannabis. Unlike Hern\u00e1ndez, Petro didn\u2019t emphasize expanding the cannabis sector as a platform plank. However, when asked about it in an interview<\/a> with Bogot\u00e1 newsweekly Semana<\/a><\/em> in March, he responded<\/a> frankly: \u201cIt seems stupid to me to keep marijuana underground, so that the sons of former presidents are entering the business of legal marijuana exportation, while they drop bombs on the campesinos and their sons who produce marijuana in Cauca.\u201d<\/p>\n The southwestern region of Cauca is the traditional heartland of illicit cultivation in Colombia, and hardly coincidentally, one of the regions most impacted by the ongoing armed conflict.<\/p>\n The interviewer pressed Petro on which son of an ex-president is entering the cannabis industry, but he wouldn\u2019t name names. However, rumors reported by the Colombian media<\/a> have named Mart\u00edn Santos, son of the former president, as seeking a stake in a prospective cannabis producer called Met\u00f3dica Consulting<\/a>.<\/p>\n And certainly the foreign investors hyped by Hern\u00e1ndez have poured money into large-scale facilities<\/a> in the immediate environs of Bogot\u00e1\u2014far from peasant production zones of hinterlands like Cauca, where entirely too little has changed.<\/p>\n Campesino cannabis cultivation in Cauca remains almost entirely unlicensed<\/a>\u2014which means the producers have no choice but to sell to criminal networks, which overlap with the armed factions. This, of course, makes them targets for counterinsurgency, as well as ongoing eradication efforts.<\/p>\n On May 11, the army uprooted two cannabis plots in a raid at the hamlet of El Mayo, Torib\u00edo municipality, in the Nasa indigenous zone of Cauca. Troops arrived at the remote mountain hamlet by helicopter to seek out illegal crops and found what they were looking for.<\/p>\n The hamlet was visited a few days later by Colombian news site Las 2 Orillas<\/a>. One local resident told the reporter that the impacted families will go hungry, \u201csince the marijuana plantations are their only means of sustenance or survival.\u201d About a month later, on June 13, the armed forces announced<\/a> the killing of guerilla leader Leider Yohani Noscu\u00e9, AKA \u201cMayimb\u00fa\u201d or \u201cComandante Wilson,\u201d in the Cauca municipality of Su\u00e1rez. He was commander of the FARC\u2019s Sixth Front, which has remained in arms, in rejection of the 2016 peace accord. The military said Mayimb\u00fa was killed in an anti-guerilla operation code-named \u201cJaguar.\u201d His body wasn\u2019t recovered, but the Sixth Front confirmed his death and released photos<\/a> of his coffin, draped in the Colombian flag, being lowered into a grave at a clandestine mountain location.<\/p>\n Media accounts made much<\/a> of Mayimb\u00fa\u2019s supposed control of cannabis cultivation in Cauca\u2019s \u201cGolden Triangle\u201d\u2014defined by the municipalities of Miranda, Corinto and Torib\u00edo. There was the familiar sensationalism<\/a> about new and supposedly ultra-potent strains, with the traditional Punto Rojo purportedly being replaced by \u201cCreepy\u201d<\/a> (also rendered \u201cCripy\u201d). Authorities estimate 13,000 hectares are dedicated to unlicensed cannabis cultivation in Cauca\u2019s Golden Triangle.<\/p>\n And anger is rising fast at the continued eradication of illicit crops as fortunes are made in the corporate cannabis sector. On the same day as the raid on El Mayo, May 11, three campesinos were wounded in San Jos\u00e9 de Ur\u00e9, C\u00f3rdoba region, when local residents reacted angrily to a National Police detachment sent in to eradicate their coca crops. \u201cThe community was protesting peacefully, without arms, when the police utilized arms of the state to fire on the civil population,\u201d Jos\u00e9 David Ortega, leader of the Campesino Association of the Sur de C\u00f3rdoba told newspaper El Espectador.<\/p>\n A similar incident was reported <\/a>May 9 at Jamund\u00ed in Valle del Cauca (the next region to the north of Cauca), where local residents gathered to angrily protest a detachment of army troops sent in on an eradication mission. Media accounts did not mention any casualties or make clear if the crops in question were cannabis or coca. Also in May, campesinos at Tib\u00fa, Norte de Santander, blocked roads to prevent army troops from entering their communities to eradicate coca crops.<\/p>\n In April, the Campesino, Cocalero, Agrarian & Environmental Movement of Putumayo (MOVICAAP) launched a protest campaign<\/a> in that southern rainforest region to bring attention to \u201cthe grave conditions we suffer in our territories, generated by forced eradication of coca-leaf crops, abandonment by the state, and systematic violation of human rights.\u201d<\/p>\n A particular threat of backsliding deeper into eradicationist dystopia is the return of aerial spraying of the herbicide glyphosate on illicit crops\u2014fumigation, as it\u2019s called by the government. Initiated in the 1980s, this was suspended<\/a> in 2015 due to health concerns, and amid legal challenges to the practice by impacted campesino communities. The US stopped sending contract pilots for the spraying in 2013, after planes were shot down<\/a> by the guerillas.<\/p>\n But Duque revived<\/a> the fumigation program in 2018, this time on a smaller scale and carried out by drone rather than bush-plane, supposedly allowing for more precise targeting. In April 2021, Duque signed Decree 380, establishing regulations<\/a> for expansion of the spraying. The text of the decree specifically mentioned \u201cmarijuana\u201d as well as coca crops.<\/p>\n This May, the newly formed National Coordinator of Coca, Opium & Marijuana Producers (COCCAM) held a meeting <\/a>in the city of C\u00facuta, where they resolved to call a nationwide strike if the government implements Decree 380. And this April, more than 20 Colombian civil society organizations, including Dejusticia and Elementa, wrote to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), petitioning<\/a> for an official audience to testify against the resumption of glyphosate spraying.<\/p>\n The Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), the body established by the 2016 accords to try cases related to the armed conflict, is currently hearing its first case<\/a> concerning communities impacted by glyphosate spraying. The complaint was brought by a group of campesinos from villages in the Bol\u00edvar region, represented by the Association of Agricultural Producers of the Zona Alta de San Pablo (ASOCAZUL). Litigants say that at least 40 farmers who weren\u2019t even producing illegal corps were impacted by the spraying, both affecting their health and destroying their (legal) crops, such as cacao.<\/p>\n By 2020, a total of 263 similar complaints had been brought before Colombia\u2019s ordinary courts, demanding reparations. Of these, 41 were found in favor of the impacted communities, and 57 in favor of the state. The remaining 156 are still pending.<\/p>\n In 2018, a verdict against glyphosate producer Monsanto in a California case brought by a cancer patient focused world attention<\/a> on the dangers of the herbicide.<\/p>\n Colombia\u2019s campesinos and small-scale cannabis growers will certainly have a more sympathetic ear in the presidential palace, the Casa de Nari\u00f1o, after Gustavo Petro takes office. We\u2019ll soon see if Petro will really be able to rein in the security forces, break the nexus between cannabis and outlaw armed groups and extend legalized and regulated cultivation to places such as Cauca\u2019s Golden Triangle.<\/p>\n The post Colombian Cannabis Cultivators Face Continued Crackdown<\/a> appeared first on Cannabis Now<\/a>.<\/p>\n
The outcome of the June 19 presidential run-off race in Colombia was going to be unprecedented either way, as it pitted two political \u201coutsiders\u201d who ran anti-establishment campaigns against each other. But the victor, progressive senator (and ex-guerilla leader) Gustavo Petro, made it doubly unprecedented\u2014as he\u2019s now set to becomeContinue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":190,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"false","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16260,16261,50,16262,917,16263,16264,81,16265],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55346"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/190"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55346"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55347,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55346\/revisions\/55347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cannabiscultivatornews.com\/home\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Corporate or Campesino Cannabis?<\/h4>\n
Eradication, Counterinsurgency Operations Continue<\/h4>\n
M\u00f3nica D\u00edaz, a peasant leader in the municipality, emphasized that the local communities have essentially been abandoned by the government\u2014except when it sends in soldiers to eradicate crops. \u201cThe army doesn\u2019t agree with us cultivating these plants, but it\u2019s the only way, because the government doesn\u2019t collaborate with us,\u201d she said. \u201cIt\u2019s our only form of sustenance.\u201d<\/p>\nThe Specter of Fumigation<\/h4>\n
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\nRead More: Colombian Cannabis Cultivators Face Continued Crackdown<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"